空调器由制冷系统和电气系统组成，它的运行状态又与工作环境和条件有密切的关系，所以对空调器的故障分析需要综合考虑。
The air conditioner is composed of refrigeration system and electrical system. Its running state is closely related to the working environment and conditions. Therefore, the failure analysis of the air conditioner needs comprehensive consideration.
在制冷系统运行时，进行初查采用的是问、摸、看、听、查的办法修空调。这些办法既简单而且有效。
In the refrigeration system, the preliminary investigation is used to ask, look, listen, touch, check the way to repair air conditioning. These methods are both simple and effective.
【1】摸：压缩机正常运行20～30分钟后，摸一摸吸气管、排气管、压缩机、蒸发器出风口、冷凝器等部位的温度，凭手感便可判断制冷效果的好坏。
[1] touch: after 20~30 minutes of normal operation of compressor, touch the temperature of suction pipe, exhaust pipe, compressor, evaporator outlet, condenser and so on, and feel the cooling effect by hand.
A. 压缩机机壳温度一般在90～100℃。
The temperature of the A. compressor casing is usually at 90~100 degrees C.
B. 摸蒸发器的表面温度。工作正常的空调器蒸发器各处的温度应该是相同的，其表面是发凉的，一般在15度左右，裸露在外的铜管弯头处有凝露水。
B. touch the surface temperature of the evaporator. The normal temperature of the evaporator of the air conditioner should be the same. The surface of the evaporator should be cool around 15 degrees. There is dew on the copper pipe bend outside.
C. 摸冷凝器的表面温度。空调器开机运转后，冷凝器很快就会热起来，热得越快说明制冷越快，在正常使用情况下，冷凝器的温度可达80度左右，冷凝管壁温度一般在45-55℃。
C. touches the surface temperature of the condenser. After the air conditioner starts and operates, the condenser will soon heat up. The faster the heat, the faster the refrigeration. Under normal use, the condenser temperature can reach 80 degrees, and the temperature of the condenser tube wall is generally 45-55 degrees.
D. 摸低压回气管表面温度。正常时，吸气管冷，排气管热。手摸应感到凉，如果环境温度较低，低压回气管表面还会有凝露水，如果回气管不结露，而高压排气管比较烫，压缩机外壳也很热，很可能是制冷剂不足，如果压缩机的回气管上全部结露，并结到压缩机外壳的一半或全部，说明制冷剂过多。
D. touches the surface temperature of the trachea at low pressure. When normal, the suction tube is cold and the exhaust pipe is hot. The hand should feel cool, if the ambient temperature is low, low pressure return pipe surface will have condensate return pipe if the dew, no dew, and high-pressure exhaust pipe is hot, the compressor housing is also very hot, is probably the lack of refrigerant, if all condensation return pipe of compressor, and half or all of the compressor shell. That too much refrigerant.
E. 摸高压排气管温度。手摸应感到比较热，夏天时还烫手。
E. touch the high pressure exhaust pipe temperature. The touch should feel hot and hot in the summer.
F. 摸干燥过滤器表面温度。在正常情况下，手摸干燥过滤器表面感觉略比环境温度高。如果有凉的感觉或凝露，说明干燥过滤器有微堵现象。
F. touch the surface temperature of the dry filter. Under normal conditions, the surface of the hand drier filter feels slightly higher than the ambient temperature. If there is a cool feeling or dew, the drying filter has a micro - plugging phenomenon.
G. 摸出风口温度。手应感觉出风有些凉意，手停留的时间长就感到有些冷。
G. touches the temperature of the tuyere. The hand should feel the wind some cool, and the time of the hand stay is a little cold.
【2】听：仔细倾听整机运转的声音是否正常。空调器在运转时，会发出一定的声音，但如果听到一些不正常的声音就有问题了，如在听压缩机运转时，有“嗡嗡”声可立即判明是压缩机电动机不能正常启动的声音，此时应立即关掉电源，查找原因；“嘶嘶”声是压缩机内高压减振管断裂后发生的高压气流声；“嗒嗒”声是压缩机内部金属的碰撞声；“当当”声是压缩机内吊簧脱落或断裂后的撞击声。对开启式压缩机，一般会发出轻微而均匀的“嚓嚓”或阀片轻微的“嘀嘀”的敲击声；如出现“通通”声是压缩机液击声，即有大量的制冷剂吸入压缩机飞轮键槽配合松动的撞击声；“啪啪”声是皮带损坏后的拍击声。听离心风扇和轴流风扇的运转声应是平衡而均匀，如有碰擦或轴心不正，就会有异常声音出现。停机时，当听到“咝咝”这种越来越轻的气流声时（系统压力平衡时发出），则可知系统基本没有堵塞。 此外，凭听觉还可判断出其它一些噪音，例如：分机轴流风扇碰击外壳铁片的声音；风机缺油的“吱吱”尖叫声；风机离心风扇与泡沫外壳发出的“嚓嚓”声；压缩机底角螺栓松动、震动的声音；毛细管碰外壳的声音。
[2] Listen: listen carefully to the sound of the whole machine. When the air conditioner in operation, a certain sound, but if you hear some abnormal sound problems, such as listening to the operation of the compressor, "buzz" sound is immediately ascertain the compressor motor does not start the sound, you should immediately turn off the power, find the reasons; "hissing" sound is high pressure air compressor vibration sound fracture after internal high pressure tube; blah sound is the sound of the collision inside the compressor metal; "Dangdang" sound is crash in the compressor off or broken after the hanging spring. The open type compressor, usually a slight and uniform "Tsatsa" or the valve slightly didi percussion; such as "all" sound is the compressor liquid hammer sound, that there are a lot of the refrigerant sucked into a compressor flywheel keyway with the crash loose; "flap" sound is damaged belt slap. The sound of the centrifugal fan and the axial fan should be balanced and uniform, and the abnormal sound will occur if the rubbing or the axle center is not correct. Stop, when you hear the sound of air hissing "this more and more light (when issued system pressure balance), can not plug the basic system. In addition, by hearing can also determine some noise, such as the extension of axial flow fan shell hit the iron voice; fan oil "squeak" screams; fan centrifugal fan and foam shell issued a "scrape" sound; compressor base angle bolts loosening, vibration sound; capillary shell sound touch.
【3】看：A、先看空调器外形是否完好，各个部件的工作是否正常。其次，看制冷系统各管路有无断裂，各焊接处是否有油迹出现，焊点有油迹则可能有渗漏。再仔细看一下电器元件的插片有无松脱现象，各连接铜管位置是否正确，有无铜管碰壳体。 最后，看一下离心风叶和轴流风叶的跳动是否过大，电动机和压缩机有无明显振动。
[3] see: A, see whether the air conditioner is in good shape, and whether the work of each component is normal. Secondly, the pipeline of a refrigeration system has no fault, the welding is oil, solder oil may have leakage. See if the insert of electrical components is loose, the position of each copper pipe is correct, and there is a copper tube to touch the shell. Finally, see if the pulsation of the centrifugal blade and the axial blade is too large, and there is no obvious vibration in the motor and compressor.
B、看高、低压压力值是否正常。环境温度在30度时，低压约为0.49~0.54Mpa,高压约为1.17~1.37MPa；环境温度在35度时，低压约为0.58~0.62Mpa,高压约为1.93 Mpa；环境温度在43度时，低压约0.68Mpa,高压约为2.31 Mpa。
B, see high, low pressure pressure value is normal. When the ambient temperature is 30 degrees, the low pressure is about 0.49~0.54Mpa, and the high pressure is about 1.17~1.37MPa. When the ambient temperature is 35 degrees, the low pressure is about 0.58~0.62Mpa, and the high pressure is about 1.93 Mpa. When the ambient temperature is 43 degrees, the low pressure is about 0.68Mpa, and the high pressure is about 2.31 Mpa.
C、看毛细管低压部分的结霜情况。正常制冷时，在压缩机运行之初，毛细管会结上薄薄的一层霜，随后就逐渐化掉，但制冷剂不足或管路堵塞都会发生挂霜不化的现象。值得注意的是，室外热交换器在冬季按热泵循环方式工作时，它属低压、低温部件，也可能发生制冷剂泄漏和堵塞。如果毛细管出口至室外热交换器入口这一管段上有霜而其它部分干燥，表明毛细管已半堵。从表面看，制冷剂不足和半堵塞的现象是一致的。
C, look at the frosting of the low pressure part of the capillary. When refrigerating normally, at the beginning of the compressor operation, the capillary will form a thin layer of frost, and then it will gradually turn off. However, if the refrigerant is insufficient or the pipeline blockage will happen, the phenomenon of frosting will not happen. It is worth noticing that when the outdoor heat exchanger works in a heat pump way in winter, it is a low pressure and low temperature component, and may also cause refrigerant leakage and blockage. If the capillary is exported to the entrance of the outdoor heat exchanger, the pipe is frosting and the other parts dry, indicating that the capillary is half blocked. On the surface, the inadequacy of the refrigerant is in accordance with the phenomenon of semi clogging.
还需指出，空调器运转时，一般应先看一看空调器的外部工作条件，例如室内、外环境温度是否过高或过低，过滤网是否太脏或有无通风不良等现象，以便排除外部原因及安装使用不当等因素。
It should be pointed out that air conditioning operation, the general should first look at the external working conditions of the air conditioner, such as indoor and outdoor environment temperature is too high or too low, the filter is too dirty or no bad ventilation phenomenon, in order to eliminate external causes and improper installation etc..
【4】查：一般可用压力表、半导体点温计、钳形电流表、万用表等测量系统压力、温度、电源电压、绝缘电阻、运转电流是否符合要求，用卤素检漏灯或电子检漏仪检查制冷剂有无泄漏。对于窗式空调器，用钳形电流表检查电流、电压、电阻十分方便。电流读数应在
[4]: general pressure gauge, check available semiconductor point thermometer, clamp current meter, multimeter, pressure measuring system temperature, supply voltage, insulation resistance, current operation meets the requirements, with halogen lamp or electronic leak detector to check refrigerant leaks. For a window type air conditioner, with clamp meter check the current, voltage and resistance is very convenient. Current readings should be in